%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 2 /Kids [ 2 0 R 115 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFF0a7f21ff 73 0 R /QuickPDFFcf320281 114 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 117 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20190516162401+02'00') /ModDate (D:20190516162403+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 2723 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFFcf320281 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 147.9218 770.8329 Tm (Quality Improvement of the Cadastral Index Map)Tj ET /QuickPDFFcf320281 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 192.6483 731.3912 Tm (Mauno Pyyknen and Heikki Lind \(Finland\))Tj ET /QuickPDFFcf320281 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 689.3613 Tm 14.663 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFF0a7f21ff 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 689.3613 Tm 14.454 TL (Cadastre; Cost management; Digital cadastre; Cadastral map; positional accuracy;)' (crowdsourcing)' ET /QuickPDFFcf320281 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 646.8416 Tm 14.663 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFF0a7f21ff 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Quality Improvement of the Cadastral Index Map \(9902\))' (Mauno Pyyknen and Heikki Lind \(Finland\))' ()' (FIG Working Week 2019)' (Geospatial information for a smarter life and environmental resilience)' (Hanoi, Vietnam, April 2226, 2019)' ET /QuickPDFF0a7f21ff 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 618.4951 Tm 14.454 TL (ABSTRACT)' ()' (Quality Improvement of the Cadastral Index Map)' ()' (The Finnish cadastral index map contains about 11 million boundary markers. Of these, about 2 million are)' (located in city areas and the other 9 million in rural areas and on forest land where the Cadastre is kept by the)' (National Land Survey of Finland \(NLS\). There is no accurate information on the existence of the boundary)' (markers in rural areas and forests but approx. 10-20% of those are estimated to be missing.)' ()' (Approx. 70% of boundary markers in rural areas and on forested land have coordinates with a posi-tional)' (accuracy of 1.0 meter or better. The positional accuracy indicates a 67% probability of the posi-tional)' (accuracy of the boundary marker. The positional accuracy of the remaining approx. 3 million boundary)' (markers varies between approx. 1 and 10 meter. )' ()' (NLS has launched a project to improve the reliability of the boundaries of the cadastral index map. There is)' (no quick and cost-efficient solution for improving the accuracy of the 3 million boundary markers.)' ()' (The problem with all effective remote sensing methods is that the boundary markers must be made visible in)' (the terrain, meaning that it makes more sense to measure it directly. The solution could be crowdsourcing. It)' (is likely that smartphones will be able to reach a better than 1 meter positional accu-racy within a few years.)' (In this case, the smartphone could be used to determine or verify the location of the property boundaries.)' (Property owners and forestry professionals could be )' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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